As geopolitical pressure exposes the fragility of global energy supply chains, the case for strengthening domestic energy security by developing South Africa’s own offshore energy resources to secure domestic supply has sharpened considerably. South Africa sits on one of the continent’s most promising, underexplored offshore basins. The country’s offshore oil and gas sector recognises the responsibility that comes with that potential.
Introduction to Responsible Offshore Development
The debate around offshore oil and gas development is not new. At its core, it is a debate about how development should proceed responsibly. Science and regulation provide a structured framework for assessing and managing offshore activity in a way that balances environmental protection with economic opportunity. It is well documented globally that responsible natural resource development can and does contribute to economic growth, generating jobs, tax revenue and long-term opportunities for coastal and inland communities alike.
The Role of Science in Offshore Development
We take our responsibility seriously. The offshore energy industry begins with environmental assessments and proceeds where science supports it. That is the foundation on which all activity rests. Science first Geoscience maps what lies beneath the ocean floor and identifies where energy resources might exist. Before any geoscience activities can occur, an independent environmental and social impact assessment (Esia) must be completed to evaluate potential effects on wildlife, marine ecosystems and any impact on human activities that depend on the resources.
In practice, this means rigorous scientific work before any activity commences. Available scientific data and historical information on the marine environment are assessed to establish baseline conditions. Marine specialists map the seabed and biodiversity surveys identify species in the area. Fishing patterns and sensitive habitats are flagged. The baseline data shapes where activity may take place, how it must be conducted, what mitigation measures are required and whether certain activities may or may not proceed.
Regulation and Oversight
Authorisation is granted only where risks can be effectively mitigated and responsibly managed through robust safeguards. Exploration cannot proceed without environmental authorisation and approvals come with enforceable conditions, monitoring obligations and rehabilitation requirements. Oversight applies throughout the life cycle of a project, including after operations cease.
Some of the key aspects of regulation and oversight include:
- Environmental Impact Assessments: Conducted to evaluate potential effects on wildlife, marine ecosystems and human activities.
- Geoscience Mapping: To identify where energy resources might exist and to map the seabed.
- Biodiversity Surveys: To identify species in the area and to flag sensitive habitats.
- Monitoring and Rehabilitation: To ensure that activities are conducted in a responsible and sustainable manner.
Seismic Surveying and Marine Life
Seismic surveys have been conducted in South African waters and across the region for decades and they are a non-invasive data-gathering activity that is essential to characterising what lies beneath the seabed for a wide range of purposes, from oil and gas exploration to foundation planning for offshore wind and seabed mapping. The technique has been used worldwide for more than 50 years and has dramatically increased the success, efficiency and safety of subsea operations.
In conclusion, responsible offshore development is crucial for the future of South Africa’s energy security. By prioritising science and regulation, we can ensure that offshore activities are conducted in a responsible and sustainable manner, balancing environmental protection with economic opportunity.